The Complicated Process of Independence

Brazil was under Portuguese colonists control until 1822. It was a revolution against the Portuguese that claimed their independence in the world. Meanwhile there was a transition from a colony to a country which was ruled by the Portuguese king Joao VI.

The process of this transition was complicated. In 1807, the Portuguese royal family escaped to Brazil in order to avoid the invasion of Napoleon the first. In 1815, December, Joao VI, in order to calm the angry, unequally treated Brazilians down, claimed the establishment of Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves. In 1816, Joao claimed himself as the king of this nation and was officially given the title of Joao VI.

During the reign of Joao VI, the government had made a lot of changes in order to make Brazilian people’s lives better. They had opened the port of Brazil, published newspaper, constructed libraries, theatres, schools, and hospitals. However, Joao VI’s corrupted ruling enraged Brazilian people. In 1817, Pernambuco people rebelled. They established republic but got oppressed. In 1820, Portugal itself had capitalism revolution. In 1821, Joao VI returned the royal family to Portugal and gave power to the Prince Pedro. In the same year, Portuguese government sent orders to Brazil to include all provinces into Lisbon and ordered Pedro to go back to Portugal. However these orders led to the Independence Revolution over the whole nation. Pedro stayed and claimed the independence of Brazil in September the 7^th, 1822. Then established the Kingdom of Brazil and made himself the king, who was called Pedro I. In 1824, Brazil published its own constitution. In 1825, Portugal admitted the independence of Brazil.

There were two eras in Brazil. One was the Empire era, and one was the Republic era. Brazil became a republic in 1889. Before the Republic, in the Empire era, Brazil’s economy was growing rapidly. Coffee and rubber’s product dominated almost half of these products in the world. Capitalism appeared in Brazil. After 1870, Brazilian people started a huge degree of revolution on slavery and republic. (A, B, D)

In 1891, the Brazil published a new constitution and named this new-born country Brazil. This was the independence process that occurred in Brazil. (A)